scenario.F90

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! Copyright (C) 2005-2016 Nicole Riemer and Matthew West
! Licensed under the GNU General Public License version 2 or (at your
! option) any later version. See the file COPYING for details.
 
!> \file
!> The pmc_scenario module.
 
!> The scenario_t structure and associated subroutines.
module pmc_scenario
 
  use pmc_gas_state
  use pmc_aero_dist
  use pmc_util
  use pmc_env_state
  use pmc_aero_state
  use pmc_spec_file
  use pmc_aero_data
  use pmc_gas_data
  use pmc_chamber
  use pmc_mpi
#ifdef PMC_USE_MPI
  use mpi
#endif
 
  !> Type code for an undefined or invalid loss function.
  integer, parameter :: scenario_loss_function_invalid  = 0
  !> Type code for a zero loss function.
  integer, parameter :: scenario_loss_function_none     = 1
  !> Type code for a constant loss function.
  integer, parameter :: scenario_loss_function_constant = 2
  !> Type code for a loss rate function proportional to particle volume.
  integer, parameter :: scenario_loss_function_volume   = 3
  !> Type code for a loss rate function based on dry deposition
  integer, parameter :: scenario_loss_function_drydep  = 4
  !> Type code for a loss rate function for chamber experiments.
  integer, parameter :: scenario_loss_function_chamber  = 5
 
  !> Parameter to switch between algorithms for particle loss.
  !! A value of 0 will always use the naive algorithm, and
  !! a value of 1 will always use the accept-reject algorithm.
  real(kind=dp), parameter :: scenario_loss_alg_threshold = 1.0d0
 
  !> Scenario data.
  !!
  !! This is everything needed to drive the scenario being simulated.
  !!
  !! The temperature, pressure, emissions and background states are profiles
  !! prescribed as functions of time by giving a number of times and
  !! the corresponding data. Simple data such as temperature and pressure is
  !! linearly interpolated between times, with constant interpolation
  !! outside of the range of times. Gases and aerosols are
  !! interpolated with gas_state_interp_1d() and
  !! aero_dist_interp_1d(), respectively.
  type scenario_t
     !> Temperature set-point times (s).
     real(kind=dp), allocatable :: temp_time(:)
     !> Temperatures at set-points (K).
     real(kind=dp), allocatable :: temp(:)
 
     !> Pressure set-point times (s).
     real(kind=dp), allocatable :: pressure_time(:)
     !> Pressures at set-points (Pa).
     real(kind=dp), allocatable :: pressure(:)
 
     !> Height set-point times (s).
     real(kind=dp), allocatable :: height_time(:)
     !> Heights at set-points (m).
     real(kind=dp), allocatable :: height(:)
 
     !> Gas emission set-point times (s).
     real(kind=dp), allocatable :: gas_emission_time(:)
     !> Gas emisssion rate scales at set-points (1).
     real(kind=dp), allocatable :: gas_emission_rate_scale(:)
     !> Gas emission rates at set-points (mol m^{-2} s^{-1}).
     type(gas_state_t), allocatable :: gas_emission(:)
 
     !> Gas-background dilution set-point times (s).
     real(kind=dp), allocatable :: gas_dilution_time(:)
     !> Gas-background dilution rates at set-points (s^{-1}).
     real(kind=dp), allocatable :: gas_dilution_rate(:)
     !> Background gas mixing ratios at set-points (ppb).
     type(gas_state_t), allocatable :: gas_background(:)
 
     !> Aerosol emission set-points times (s).
     real(kind=dp), allocatable :: aero_emission_time(:)
     !> Aerosol emission rate scales at set-points (1).
     real(kind=dp), allocatable :: aero_emission_rate_scale(:)
     !> Aerosol emissions at set-points (# m^{-2} s^{-1}).
     type(aero_dist_t), allocatable :: aero_emission(:)
 
     !> Aerosol-background dilution set-point times (s).
     real(kind=dp), allocatable :: aero_dilution_time(:)
     !> Aerosol-background dilution rates at set-points (s^{-1}).
     real(kind=dp), allocatable :: aero_dilution_rate(:)
     !> Aerosol background at set-points (# m^{-3}).
     type(aero_dist_t), allocatable :: aero_background(:)
 
     !> Type of loss rate function.
     integer :: loss_function_type
     !> Chamber parameters for wall loss and sedimentation.
     type(chamber_t) :: chamber
  end type scenario_t
 
contains
 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
  !> Initialize the time-dependent contents of the
  !> environment. Thereafter scenario_update_env_state() should be used.
  subroutine scenario_init_env_state(scenario, env_state, time)
 
    !> Scenario data.
    type(scenario_t), intent(in) :: scenario
    !> Environment state to update.
    type(env_state_t), intent(inout) :: env_state
    !> Current time (s).
    real(kind=dp), intent(in) :: time
 
    env_state%temp = interp_1d(scenario%temp_time, scenario%temp, time)
    env_state%pressure = interp_1d(scenario%pressure_time, &
         scenario%pressure, time)
    env_state%height = interp_1d(scenario%height_time, scenario%height, time)
    env_state%elapsed_time = time
    ! FIXME: should compute this at some point
    env_state%solar_zenith_angle = 0d0
 
  end subroutine scenario_init_env_state
 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
  !> Update time-dependent contents of the environment.
  !> scenario_init_env_state() should have been called at the start.
  subroutine scenario_update_env_state(scenario, env_state, time)
 
    !> Scenario data.
    type(scenario_t), intent(in) :: scenario
    !> Environment state to update.
    type(env_state_t), intent(inout) :: env_state
    !> Current time (s).
    real(kind=dp), intent(in) :: time
 
    !> Ambient water vapor pressure (Pa).
    real(kind=dp) :: pmv_old, pmv_new
    !> Ambient pressure (Pa)
    real(kind=dp) :: pressure_old
    !> Ambient temperature (K)
    real(kind=dp) :: temp_old
 
    ! Update temperature and pressure and adjust relative humidity to maintain
    ! water mixing ratio.
 
    pmv_old = env_state_sat_vapor_pressure(env_state) * env_state%rel_humid
    pressure_old = env_state%pressure
    temp_old = env_state%temp
 
    env_state%temp = interp_1d(scenario%temp_time, scenario%temp, time)
    env_state%pressure = interp_1d(scenario%pressure_time, &
         scenario%pressure, time)
 
    pmv_new = pmv_old * env_state%pressure / pressure_old
    env_state%rel_humid = pmv_new / env_state_sat_vapor_pressure(env_state)
 
    env_state%height = interp_1d(scenario%height_time, scenario%height, time)
    env_state%elapsed_time = time
 
  end subroutine scenario_update_env_state
 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
  !> Do gas emissions and background dilution.
  !!
  !! Emissions are given as an areal rate \f$e(t)\f$, and then divided
  !! by the current box height \f$h(t)\f$ to obtain a volume
  !! rate. There is also a dimensionless rate scaling \f$r(t)\f$. All
  !! input functions are asusumed constant over the timestep, so the
  !! concentration \f$c(t)\f$ change is given by
  !! \f[
  !!     c(t) = c(0) + \frac{r t}{h} e.
  !! \f]
  !!
  !! We model dilution by considering a gas concentration \f$c(t)\f$
  !! in a box of height \f$h(t)\f$, subject to first-order dilution
  !! with a rate \f$\lambda(t)\f$. Then the effective dilution rate is
  !! \f[
  !!     \lambda_{\rm eff}(t) = \lambda(t) + \frac{\dot{h}(t)}{h(t)}
  !! \f]
  !! and the evolution of \f$c(t)\f$ is given by
  !! \f[
  !!     \dot{c}(t) = - \lambda_{\rm eff}(t) c(t).
  !! \f]
  !! Solving this with separation of variables gives
  !! \f[
  !!     \frac{c(t)}{c(0)} = \frac{h(0)}{h(t)}
  !!                         \exp\left( - \int_0^t \lambda(t)\,dt\right).
  !! \f]
  !! If we define \f$p = c(t)/c(0)\f$ to be the remaining proportion
  !! of the initial concentration, and \f$b\f$ to be the constant
  !! background concentration, then we have
  !! \f[
  !!     c(t) = p(t) c(0) + (1 - p(t)) b.
  !! \f]
  !! We assume constant \f$\lambda\f$ and we only do entrainment with
  !! increasing height \f$h(t)\f$, so we have
  !! \f[
  !!     p(t) = \min\left(1, \frac{h(0)}{h(t)}\right) \exp(-\lambda t).
  !! \f]
  subroutine scenario_update_gas_state(scenario, delta_t, env_state, &
       old_env_state, gas_data, gas_state)
 
    !> Scenario data.
    type(scenario_t), intent(in) :: scenario
    !> Time increment to update over.
    real(kind=dp), intent(in) :: delta_t
    !> Current environment.
    type(env_state_t), intent(in) :: env_state
    !> Previous environment.
    type(env_state_t), intent(in) :: old_env_state
    !> Gas data values.
    type(gas_data_t), intent(in) :: gas_data
    !> Gas state to update.
    type(gas_state_t), intent(inout) :: gas_state
 
    real(kind=dp) :: emission_rate_scale, dilution_rate, p
    type(gas_state_t) :: emissions, background
 
    ! emissions
    if (size(scenario%gas_emission) > 0) then
       call gas_state_interp_1d(scenario%gas_emission, &
            scenario%gas_emission_time, scenario%gas_emission_rate_scale, &
            env_state%elapsed_time, emissions, emission_rate_scale)
       call gas_state_molar_conc_to_ppb(emissions, env_state)
       p = emission_rate_scale * delta_t / env_state%height
       call gas_state_add_scaled(gas_state, emissions, p)
    end if
#ifndef PMC_USE_WRF
    ! dilution
    call gas_state_interp_1d(scenario%gas_background, &
         scenario%gas_dilution_time, scenario%gas_dilution_rate, &
         env_state%elapsed_time, background, dilution_rate)
    p = exp(- dilution_rate * delta_t)
    if (env_state%height > old_env_state%height) then
       p = p * old_env_state%height / env_state%height
    end if
    call gas_state_scale(gas_state, p)
    call gas_state_add_scaled(gas_state, background, 1d0 - p)
#endif
    call gas_state_ensure_nonnegative(gas_state)
 
  end subroutine scenario_update_gas_state
 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
  !> Do emissions and background dilution for a particle aerosol
  !> distribution.
  !!
  !! See scenario_update_gas_state() for a description of the
  !! model. We additionally scale the number concentration to account
  !! for temperature changes.
  subroutine scenario_update_aero_state(scenario, delta_t, env_state, &
       old_env_state, aero_data, aero_state, n_emit, n_dil_in, n_dil_out, &
       allow_doubling, allow_halving)
 
    !> Scenario data.
    type(scenario_t), intent(in) :: scenario
    !> Time increment to update over.
    real(kind=dp), intent(in) :: delta_t
    !> Current environment.
    type(env_state_t), intent(in) :: env_state
    !> Previous environment.
    type(env_state_t), intent(in) :: old_env_state
    !> Aero data values.
    type(aero_data_t), intent(in) :: aero_data
    !> Aero state to update.
    type(aero_state_t), intent(inout) :: aero_state
    !> Number of emitted particles.
    integer, intent(out) :: n_emit
    !> Number of diluted-in particles.
    integer, intent(out) :: n_dil_in
    !> Number of diluted-out particles.
    integer, intent(out) :: n_dil_out
    !> Whether to allow doubling of the population.
    logical, intent(in) :: allow_doubling
    !> Whether to allow halving of the population.
    logical, intent(in) :: allow_halving
 
    real(kind=dp), parameter :: sample_timescale = 3600.0d0
    real(kind=dp) :: characteristic_factor, sample_timescale_effective
    real(kind=dp) :: emission_rate_scale, dilution_rate, p
    type(aero_dist_t) :: emissions, background
    type(aero_state_t) :: aero_state_delta
 
    sample_timescale_effective = max(1.0, min(sample_timescale, &
         env_state%elapsed_time))
    characteristic_factor = sample_timescale_effective / delta_t
 
    ! emissions
    if (size(scenario%aero_emission) > 0) then
       call aero_dist_interp_1d(scenario%aero_emission, &
            scenario%aero_emission_time, scenario%aero_emission_rate_scale, &
            env_state%elapsed_time, emissions, emission_rate_scale)
       p = emission_rate_scale * delta_t / env_state%height
       call aero_state_add_aero_dist_sample(aero_state, aero_data, &
            emissions, p, characteristic_factor, env_state%elapsed_time, &
            allow_doubling, allow_halving, n_emit)
    end if
#ifndef PMC_USE_WRF
    ! dilution
    call aero_dist_interp_1d(scenario%aero_background, &
         scenario%aero_dilution_time, scenario%aero_dilution_rate, &
         env_state%elapsed_time, background, dilution_rate)
    p = exp(- dilution_rate * delta_t)
    if (env_state%height > old_env_state%height) then
       p = p * old_env_state%height / env_state%height
    end if
    ! loss to background
    call aero_state_zero(aero_state_delta)
    call aero_state_copy_weight(aero_state, aero_state_delta)
    call aero_state_sample_particles(aero_state, aero_state_delta, &
         aero_data, 1d0 - p, aero_info_dilution)
    n_dil_out = aero_state_total_particles(aero_state_delta)
    ! addition from background
    call aero_state_add_aero_dist_sample(aero_state, aero_data, &
         background, 1d0 - p, characteristic_factor, env_state%elapsed_time, &
         allow_doubling, allow_halving, n_dil_in)
 
    ! particle loss function
    call scenario_particle_loss(scenario, delta_t, aero_data, aero_state, &
         env_state)
#endif
 
#ifdef PMC_USE_WRF
    call aero_weight_array_scale(aero_state%awa, &
         old_env_state%inverse_density * (1.0d0 / env_state%inverse_density))
#else
    ! update computational volume
    call aero_weight_array_scale(aero_state%awa, &
         old_env_state%temp * env_state%pressure &
         / (env_state%temp * old_env_state%pressure))
#endif
 
  end subroutine scenario_update_aero_state
 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
  !> Do emissions and background dilution from the environment for a
  !> binned aerosol distribution.
  !!
  !! See scenario_update_gas_state() for a description of the model.
  subroutine scenario_update_aero_binned(scenario, delta_t, env_state, &
       old_env_state, bin_grid, aero_data, aero_binned)
 
    !> Scenario data.
    type(scenario_t), intent(in) :: scenario
    !> Time increment to update over.
    real(kind=dp), intent(in) :: delta_t
    !> Current environment.
    type(env_state_t), intent(in) :: env_state
    !> Previous environment.
    type(env_state_t), intent(in) :: old_env_state
    !> Bin grid.
    type(bin_grid_t), intent(in) :: bin_grid
    !> Aero data values.
    type(aero_data_t), intent(in) :: aero_data
    !> Aero binned to update.
    type(aero_binned_t), intent(inout) :: aero_binned
 
    real(kind=dp) :: emission_rate_scale, dilution_rate, p
    type(aero_dist_t) :: emissions, background
    type(aero_binned_t) :: emissions_binned, background_binned
 
    ! emissions
    call aero_dist_interp_1d(scenario%aero_emission, &
         scenario%aero_emission_time, scenario%aero_emission_rate_scale, &
         env_state%elapsed_time, emissions, emission_rate_scale)
    call aero_binned_add_aero_dist(emissions_binned, bin_grid, aero_data, &
         emissions)
    p = emission_rate_scale * delta_t / env_state%height
    call aero_binned_add_scaled(aero_binned, emissions_binned, p)
 
    ! dilution
    call aero_dist_interp_1d(scenario%aero_background, &
         scenario%aero_dilution_time, scenario%aero_dilution_rate, &
         env_state%elapsed_time, background, dilution_rate)
    call aero_binned_add_aero_dist(background_binned, bin_grid, aero_data, &
         background)
    p = exp(- dilution_rate * delta_t)
    if (env_state%height > old_env_state%height) then
       p = p * old_env_state%height / env_state%height
    end if
    call aero_binned_scale(aero_binned, p)
    call aero_binned_add_scaled(aero_binned, background_binned, 1d0 - p)
 
  end subroutine scenario_update_aero_binned
 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
  !> Evaluate a loss rate function.
  real(kind=dp) function scenario_loss_rate(scenario, vol, density, &
       aero_data, env_state)
 
    !> Scenario data.
    type(scenario_t), intent(in) :: scenario
    !> Volume of particle (m^3).
    real(kind=dp), intent(in) :: vol
    !> Density of particle (kg/m^3).
    real(kind=dp), intent(in) :: density
    !> Aerosol data.
    type(aero_data_t), intent(in) :: aero_data
    !> Environment state.
    type(env_state_t), intent(in) :: env_state
 
    scenario_loss_rate = 0d0
    if (scenario%loss_function_type == scenario_loss_function_invalid) then
       scenario_loss_rate = 0d0
    else if (scenario%loss_function_type == scenario_loss_function_none) then
       scenario_loss_rate = 0d0
    else if (scenario%loss_function_type == scenario_loss_function_constant) &
         then
       scenario_loss_rate = 1d-3
    else if (scenario%loss_function_type == scenario_loss_function_volume) then
       scenario_loss_rate = 1d15*vol
    else if (scenario%loss_function_type == scenario_loss_function_drydep) &
         then
       scenario_loss_rate = scenario_loss_rate_dry_dep(vol, density, &
            aero_data, env_state)
    else if (scenario%loss_function_type == scenario_loss_function_chamber) &
         then
       scenario_loss_rate = chamber_loss_rate_wall(scenario%chamber, vol, &
            aero_data, env_state) &
            + chamber_loss_rate_sedi(scenario%chamber, vol, density, &
            aero_data, env_state)
    else
       call die_msg(201594391, "Unknown loss function id: " &
            // trim(integer_to_string(scenario%loss_function_type)))
    end if
 
  end function scenario_loss_rate
 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
  !> Compute and return the dry deposition rate for a given particle.
  !! All equations used here are written in detail in the file
  !! \c doc/deposition/deposition.tex.
  real(kind=dp) function scenario_loss_rate_dry_dep(vol, density, aero_data, &
      env_state)
 
    !> Particle volume (m^3).
    real(kind=dp), intent(in) :: vol
    !> Particle density (kg m^-3).
    real(kind=dp), intent(in) :: density
    !> Aerosol data.
    type(aero_data_t), intent(in) :: aero_data
    !> Environment state.
    type(env_state_t), intent(in) :: env_state
 
    real(kind=dp) :: v_d
    real(kind=dp) :: v_s
    real(kind=dp) :: d_p
    real(kind=dp) :: density_air
    real(kind=dp) :: visc_d, visc_k
    real(kind=dp) :: gas_speed, gas_mean_free_path
    real(kind=dp) :: knud, cunning
    real(kind=dp) :: grav
    real(kind=dp) :: r_s, r_a
    real(kind=dp) :: alpha, beta, gamma, a, eps_0
    real(kind=dp) :: diff_p
    real(kind=dp) :: von_karman
    real(kind=dp) :: st, sc, u_star
    real(kind=dp) :: e_b, e_im, e_in, r1
    real(kind=dp) :: u_mean, z_ref, z_rough
 
    ! User set variables
    u_mean = 5.0d0 ! Mean wind speed at reference height
    z_ref =  20.0d0 ! Reference height
    ! Setting for LUC = 7, SC = 1 - See Table 3
    z_rough = .1d0 ! According to land category
    a = 2.0d0 / 1000.0d0 ! Dependent on land type
    alpha = 1.2d0 ! From table
    beta = 2.0d0 ! From text
    gamma = .54d0 ! From table
 
    ! particle diameter
    d_p = aero_data_vol2diam(aero_data, vol)
    ! density of air
    density_air = (const%air_molec_weight * env_state%pressure) &
         / (const%univ_gas_const * env_state%temp)
    ! dynamic viscosity
    visc_d = 1.8325d-5 * (416.16 / (env_state%temp + 120.0d0)) &
         * (env_state%temp / 296.16)**1.5d0
    ! kinematic viscosity
    visc_k = visc_d / density_air
    ! gas speed
    gas_speed = &
         sqrt((8.0d0 * const%boltzmann * env_state%temp * const%avagadro) / &
         (const%pi * const%air_molec_weight))
    ! gas free path
    gas_mean_free_path = (2.0d0 * visc_d) / (density_air * gas_speed)
    ! knudson number
    knud = (2.0d0 * gas_mean_free_path) / d_p
    ! cunningham correction factor
    cunning = 1.0d0 + knud * (1.257d0 + 0.4d0 * exp(-1.1d0 / knud))
    ! gravity
    grav = 9.81d0
    ! Compute V_s
    v_s = (density * d_p**2.0d0 * grav * cunning) / (18.0d0 * visc_d)
 
    ! Aerodynamic resistance
    ! For neutral stability
    u_star = .4d0 * u_mean / log(z_ref / z_rough)
    r_a = (1.0d0 / (.4d0 * u_star)) * log(z_ref / z_rough)
    ! Brownian diffusion efficiency
    diff_p = (const%boltzmann * env_state%temp * cunning) / &
         (3.d0 * const%pi * visc_d * d_p)
    sc = visc_k / diff_p
    e_b = sc**(-gamma)
 
    ! Interception efficiency
    ! Characteristic radius of large collectors
    e_in = .5d0 * (d_p / a)**2.0d0
 
    ! Impaction efficiency
    st = (v_s * u_star) / (grav * a)
    e_im = (st / (alpha + st))**beta
 
    ! Rebound correction
    r1 = exp(-st**.5d0)
 
    ! Surface resistance
    eps_0 = 3.0d0 ! Taken to be 3
    r_s = 1.0d0 / (eps_0 * u_star * (e_b + e_in + e_im) * r1)
 
    ! Dry deposition
    v_d = v_s + (1.0d0 / (r_a + r_s + r_a * r_s * v_s))
 
    ! The loss rate
    scenario_loss_rate_dry_dep = v_d / env_state%height
 
  end function scenario_loss_rate_dry_dep
 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
  !> Compute and return the max loss rate function for a given volume.
  real(kind=dp) function scenario_loss_rate_max(scenario, vol, aero_data, &
       env_state)
 
    !> Scenario data.
    type(scenario_t), intent(in) :: scenario
    !> Particle volume (m^3).
    real(kind=dp), intent(in) :: vol
    !> Aerosol data.
    type(aero_data_t), intent(in) :: aero_data
    !> Environment state.
    type(env_state_t), intent(in) :: env_state
 
    !> Number of density sample points.
    integer, parameter :: n_sample = 3
 
    real(kind=dp) :: d, d_min, d_max, loss
    integer :: i
 
    d_min = minval(aero_data%density)
    d_max = maxval(aero_data%density)
 
    scenario_loss_rate_max = 0d0
    do i = 1,n_sample
       d = interp_linear_disc(d_min, d_max, n_sample, i)
       loss = scenario_loss_rate(scenario, vol, d, aero_data, env_state)
       scenario_loss_rate_max = max(scenario_loss_rate_max, loss)
    end do
 
  end function scenario_loss_rate_max
 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
  !> Compute an upper bound on the maximum kernel value for each
  !> bin.
  !! Value over_scale is multiplied to the maximum sampled value
  !! to get the upper bound.  A tighter bound may be reached if over_scale
  !! is smaller, but that also risks falling below a kernel value.
  subroutine scenario_loss_rate_bin_max(scenario, bin_grid, aero_data, &
       env_state, loss_max)
 
    !> Scenario data.
    type(scenario_t), intent(in) :: scenario
    !> Bin_grid.
    type(bin_grid_t), intent(in) :: bin_grid
    !> Aerosol data.
    type(aero_data_t), intent(in) :: aero_data
    !> Environment state.
    type(env_state_t), intent(in) :: env_state
    !> Maximum loss vals.
    real(kind=dp), intent(out) :: loss_max(bin_grid_size(bin_grid))
 
    !> Number of sample points per bin.
    integer, parameter :: n_sample = 3
    !> Over-estimation scale factor parameter.
    real(kind=dp), parameter :: over_scale = 2d0
 
    real(kind=dp) :: v_low, v_high, vol, r, r_max
    integer :: b, i
 
    do b = 1,bin_grid_size(bin_grid)
       v_low = aero_data_rad2vol(aero_data, bin_grid%edges(b))
       v_high = aero_data_rad2vol(aero_data, bin_grid%edges(b + 1))
       r_max = 0d0
       do i = 1,n_sample
          vol = interp_linear_disc(v_low, v_high, n_sample, i)
          r = scenario_loss_rate_max(scenario, vol, aero_data, env_state)
          r_max = max(r_max, r)
       end do
       loss_max(b) = r_max * over_scale
    end do
 
  end subroutine scenario_loss_rate_bin_max
 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
  !> Performs stochastic particle loss for one time-step.
  !! If a particle \c i_part has a scenario_loss_rate() value of rate, then the
  !! probability p will be removed by this function is
  !! <tt>1 - exp(-delta_t*rate)</tt>.
  !! Uses an accept-reject algorithm for efficiency, in which a particle
  !! is first sampled with rate <tt>1 - exp(-delta_t*over_rate) </tt>
  !! and then accepted with rate
  !! <tt>(1 - exp(-delta_t*rate))/(1 - exp(-delta_t*over_rate))</tt>.
  subroutine scenario_particle_loss(scenario, delta_t, aero_data, aero_state, &
       env_state)
 
    !> Scenario data.
    type(scenario_t), intent(in) :: scenario
    !> Time increment to update over.
    real(kind=dp), intent(in) :: delta_t
    !> Aerosol data.
    type(aero_data_t), intent(in) :: aero_data
    !> Aerosol state.
    type(aero_state_t), intent(inout) :: aero_state
    !> Environment state.
    type(env_state_t), intent(in) :: env_state
 
    integer :: c, b, s, i_part
    real(kind=dp) :: over_rate, over_prob, rand_real, rand_geom
 
    if (scenario%loss_function_type == scenario_loss_function_none .or. &
        scenario%loss_function_type == scenario_loss_function_invalid) return
 
    if (scenario_loss_alg_threshold <= 0d0) then
       ! use naive algorithm for everything
       do i_part = aero_state%apa%n_part, 1, -1
          call scenario_try_single_particle_loss(scenario, delta_t, &
               aero_data, aero_state, env_state, i_part, 1d0)
       end do
       return
    end if
 
    call aero_state_sort(aero_state, aero_data)
 
    if (.not. aero_state%aero_sorted%removal_rate_bounds_valid) then
       call scenario_loss_rate_bin_max(scenario, &
            aero_state%aero_sorted%bin_grid, aero_data, env_state, &
            aero_state%aero_sorted%removal_rate_max)
       aero_state%aero_sorted%removal_rate_bounds_valid = .true.
    end if
 
    do c = 1,aero_sorted_n_class(aero_state%aero_sorted)
       do b = 1,aero_sorted_n_bin(aero_state%aero_sorted)
          over_rate = aero_state%aero_sorted%removal_rate_max(b)
          if (delta_t * over_rate <= 0d0) cycle
          over_prob = 1d0 - exp(-delta_t * over_rate)
          if (over_prob >= scenario_loss_alg_threshold) then
             ! use naive algorithm over bin
             do s = aero_state%aero_sorted%size_class%inverse(b, c)%n_entry, &
                  1,-1
                i_part = &
                     aero_state%aero_sorted%size_class%inverse(b, c)%entry(s)
                call scenario_try_single_particle_loss(scenario, delta_t, &
                     aero_data, aero_state, env_state, i_part, 1d0)
             end do
          else
             ! use accept-reject algorithm over bin
             s = aero_state%aero_sorted%size_class%inverse(b, c)%n_entry + 1
             do while (.true.)
                rand_real = pmc_random()
                if (rand_real <= 0d0) exit
                rand_geom = -log(rand_real) / (delta_t * over_rate) + 1d0
                if (rand_geom >= real(s, kind=dp)) exit
                s = s - floor(rand_geom)
 
                ! note: floor(rand_geom) is a random geometric variable
                ! with accept probability 1 - exp(-delta_t*over_rate)
 
                i_part = &
                     aero_state%aero_sorted%size_class%inverse(b, c)%entry(s)
                call scenario_try_single_particle_loss(scenario, delta_t, &
                     aero_data, aero_state, env_state, i_part, over_prob)
             end do
          end if
       end do
    end do
 
    !call aero_state_check_sort(aero_state)
 
  end subroutine scenario_particle_loss
 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
  !> Test a candidate particle to see if it should be removed,
  !> and remove if necessary.
  !! Particle is removed with probability
  !! (1d0 - exp(-delta_t*rate))/over_prob, where rate is the loss function
  !! evaluated for the given particle.
  subroutine scenario_try_single_particle_loss(scenario, delta_t, &
      aero_data, aero_state, env_state, i_part, over_prob)
 
    !> Scenario data.
    type(scenario_t), intent(in) :: scenario
    !> Time increment to update over.
    real(kind=dp), intent(in) :: delta_t
    !> Aerosol data.
    type(aero_data_t), intent(in) :: aero_data
    !> Aerosol state.
    type(aero_state_t), intent(inout) :: aero_state
    !> Environment state.
    type(env_state_t), intent(in) :: env_state
    !> Index of particle to attempt removal
    integer, intent(in) :: i_part
    !> Overestimated removal probability used previously
    real(kind=dp), intent(in) :: over_prob
 
    real(kind=dp) :: prob, rate, vol, density
    type(aero_info_t) :: aero_info
 
    vol = aero_particle_volume(aero_state%apa%particle(i_part))
    density = aero_particle_density(aero_state%apa%particle(i_part), aero_data)
    rate = scenario_loss_rate(scenario, vol, density, aero_data, env_state)
    prob = 1d0 - exp(-delta_t * rate)
    call warn_assert_msg(295846288, prob <= over_prob, &
         "particle loss upper bound estimation is too tight: " &
         // trim(real_to_string(prob)) // " > " &
         // trim(real_to_string(over_prob)) )
    if (pmc_random() * over_prob > prob) return
 
    aero_info%id = aero_state%apa%particle(i_part)%id
    aero_info%action = aero_info_dilution
    aero_info%other_id = 0
    call aero_state_remove_particle_with_info(aero_state, i_part, aero_info)
 
  end subroutine scenario_try_single_particle_loss
 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
  !> Whether any of the contained aerosol modes are of the given type.
  elemental logical function scenario_contains_aero_mode_type(scenario, &
       aero_mode_type)
 
    !> Scenario data.
    type(scenario_t), intent(in) :: scenario
    !> Aerosol mode type to test for.
    integer, intent(in) :: aero_mode_type
 
    scenario_contains_aero_mode_type &
         = any(aero_dist_contains_aero_mode_type(scenario%aero_emission, &
         aero_mode_type)) &
         .or. any(aero_dist_contains_aero_mode_type(scenario%aero_background, &
         aero_mode_type))
 
  end function scenario_contains_aero_mode_type
 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
  !> Read environment data from an spec file.
  subroutine spec_file_read_scenario(file, gas_data, aero_data, &
       read_aero_weight_classes, scenario)
 
    !> Spec file.
    type(spec_file_t), intent(inout) :: file
    !> Gas data values.
    type(gas_data_t), intent(in) :: gas_data
    !> Aerosol data.
    type(aero_data_t), intent(inout) :: aero_data
    !> Whether the weight classes for each source are specified in inputs.
    logical, intent(in) :: read_aero_weight_classes
    !> Scenario data.
    type(scenario_t), intent(inout) :: scenario
 
    character(len=PMC_MAX_FILENAME_LEN) :: sub_filename
    type(spec_file_t) :: sub_file
    character(len=SPEC_LINE_MAX_VAR_LEN) :: function_name
 
    ! note that we have to hard-code the list for doxygen below
 
    !> \page input_format_scenario Input File Format: Scenario
    !!
    !! The scenario parameters are:
    !! <ul>
    !! <li> \b temp_profile (string): the name of the file from which to
    !!      read the temperature profile --- the file format should be
    !!      \subpage input_format_temp_profile
    !! <li> \b pressure_profile (string): the name of the file from which to
    !!      read the pressure profile --- the file format should be
    !!      \subpage input_format_pressure_profile
    !! <li> \b height_profile (string): the name of the file from which
    !!      to read the mixing layer height profile --- the file format
    !!      should be \subpage input_format_height_profile
    !! <li> \b gas_emissions (string): the name of the file from which to
    !!      read the gas emissions profile --- the file format should be
    !!      \subpage input_format_gas_profile
    !! <li> \b gas_background (string): the name of the file from which
    !!      to read the gas background profile --- the file format should
    !!      be \subpage input_format_gas_profile
    !! <li> \b aero_emissions (string): the name of the file from which
    !!      to read the aerosol emissions profile --- the file format
    !!      should be \subpage input_format_aero_dist_profile
    !! <li> \b aero_background (string): the name of the file from which
    !!      to read the aerosol background profile --- the file format
    !!      should be \subpage input_format_aero_dist_profile
    !! <li> \b loss_function (string): the type of loss function ---
    !!      must be one of: \c none for no particle loss, \c constant
    !!      for constant loss rate, \c volume for particle loss proportional
    !!      to particle volume, \c drydep for particle loss proportional
    !!      to dry deposition velocity, or \c chamber for a chamber model.
    !!      If \c loss_function is \c chamber, then the following
    !!      parameters must also be provided:
    !!      - \subpage input_format_chamber
    !! </ul>
    !!
    !! See also:
    !!   - \ref spec_file_format --- the input file text format
 
    ! temperature profile
    call spec_file_read_string(file, "temp_profile", sub_filename)
    call spec_file_open(sub_filename, sub_file)
    call spec_file_read_timed_real_array(sub_file, "temp", &
         scenario%temp_time, scenario%temp)
    call spec_file_close(sub_file)
 
    ! pressure profile
    call spec_file_read_string(file, "pressure_profile", sub_filename)
    call spec_file_open(sub_filename, sub_file)
    call spec_file_read_timed_real_array(sub_file, "pressure", &
         scenario%pressure_time, scenario%pressure)
    call spec_file_close(sub_file)
 
    ! height profile
    call spec_file_read_string(file, "height_profile", sub_filename)
    call spec_file_open(sub_filename, sub_file)
    call spec_file_read_timed_real_array(sub_file, "height", &
         scenario%height_time, scenario%height)
    call spec_file_close(sub_file)
 
    ! gas emissions profile
    call spec_file_read_string(file, "gas_emissions", sub_filename)
    call spec_file_open(sub_filename, sub_file)
    call spec_file_read_gas_states_times_rates(sub_file, gas_data, &
         scenario%gas_emission_time, scenario%gas_emission_rate_scale, &
         scenario%gas_emission)
    call spec_file_close(sub_file)
 
    ! gas background profile
    call spec_file_read_string(file, "gas_background", sub_filename)
    call spec_file_open(sub_filename, sub_file)
    call spec_file_read_gas_states_times_rates(sub_file, gas_data, &
         scenario%gas_dilution_time, scenario%gas_dilution_rate, &
         scenario%gas_background)
    call spec_file_close(sub_file)
 
    ! aerosol emissions profile
    call spec_file_read_string(file, "aero_emissions", sub_filename)
    call spec_file_open(sub_filename, sub_file)
    call spec_file_read_aero_dists_times_rates(sub_file, aero_data, &
         read_aero_weight_classes, scenario%aero_emission_time, &
         scenario%aero_emission_rate_scale, scenario%aero_emission)
    call spec_file_close(sub_file)
 
    ! aerosol background profile
    call spec_file_read_string(file, "aero_background", sub_filename)
    call spec_file_open(sub_filename, sub_file)
    call spec_file_read_aero_dists_times_rates(sub_file, aero_data, &
         read_aero_weight_classes, scenario%aero_dilution_time, &
         scenario%aero_dilution_rate, scenario%aero_background)
    call spec_file_close(sub_file)
 
    ! loss function
    call spec_file_read_string(file, 'loss_function', function_name)
    if (trim(function_name) == 'none') then
       scenario%loss_function_type = scenario_loss_function_none
    else if (trim(function_name) == 'constant') then
       scenario%loss_function_type = scenario_loss_function_constant
    else if (trim(function_name) == 'volume') then
       scenario%loss_function_type = scenario_loss_function_volume
    else if (trim(function_name) == 'drydep') then
       scenario%loss_function_type = scenario_loss_function_drydep
    else if (trim(function_name) == 'chamber') then
       scenario%loss_function_type = scenario_loss_function_chamber
       call spec_file_read_chamber(file, scenario%chamber)
    else
       call spec_file_die_msg(518248400, file, &
            "Unknown loss function type: " // trim(function_name))
    end if
 
  end subroutine spec_file_read_scenario
 
  ! the following blocks belong in the subroutine above, but they are
  ! outside because Doxygen 1.8.7 doesn't resolve references when
  ! multiple \page blocks are in one subroutine
 
  !> \page input_format_temp_profile Input File Format: Temperature Profile
  !!
  !! A temperature profile input file must consist of two lines:
  !! - the first line must begin with \c time and should be followed
  !!   by \f$N\f$ space-separated real scalars, giving the times (in
  !!   s after the start of the simulation) of the temperature set
  !!   points --- the times must be in increasing order
  !! - the second line must begin with \c temp and should be followed
  !!   by \f$N\f$ space-separated real scalars, giving the
  !!   temperatures (in K) at the corresponding times
  !!
  !! The temperature profile is linearly interpolated between the
  !! specified times, while before the first time it takes the first
  !! temperature value and after the last time it takes the last
  !! temperature value.
  !!
  !! Example:
  !! <pre>
  !! time  0    600  1800  # time (in s) after simulation start
  !! temp  270  290  280   # temperature (in K)
  !! </pre>
  !! Here the temperature starts at 270&nbsp;K at the start of the
  !! simulation, rises to 290&nbsp;K after 10&nbsp;min, and then
  !! falls again to 280&nbsp;K at 30&nbsp;min. Between these times
  !! the temperature is linearly interpolated, while after
  !! 30&nbsp;min it is held constant at 280&nbsp;K.
  !!
  !! See also:
  !!   - \ref spec_file_format --- the input file text format
  !!   - \ref input_format_scenario --- the environment data
  !!     containing the temperature profile
 
  !> \page input_format_pressure_profile Input File Format: Pressure Profile
  !!
  !! A pressure profile input file must consist of two lines:
  !! - the first line must begin with \c time and should be followed
  !!   by \f$N\f$ space-separated real scalars, giving the times (in
  !!   s after the start of the simulation) of the pressure set
  !!   points --- the times must be in increasing order
  !! - the second line must begin with \c pressure and should be followed
  !!   by \f$N\f$ space-separated real scalars, giving the
  !!   pressures (in Pa) at the corresponding times
  !!
  !! The pressure profile is linearly interpolated between the
  !! specified times, while before the first time it takes the first
  !! pressure value and after the last time it takes the last
  !! pressure value.
  !!
  !! Example:
  !! <pre>
  !! time      0    600  1800  # time (in s) after simulation start
  !! pressure  1e5  9e4  7.5e4 # pressure (in Pa)
  !! </pre>
  !! Here the pressure starts at 1e5&nbsp;Pa at the start of the
  !! simulation, decreases to 9e4&nbsp;Pa after 10&nbsp;min, and then
  !! decreases further to 7.5e4&nbsp;Pa at 30&nbsp;min. Between these times
  !! the pressure is linearly interpolated, while after
  !! 30&nbsp;min it is held constant at 7.5e4&nbsp;Pa.
  !!
  !! See also:
  !!   - \ref spec_file_format --- the input file text format
  !!   - \ref input_format_scenario --- the environment data
  !!     containing the pressure profile
 
  !> \page input_format_height_profile Input File Format: Mixing Layer Height Profile
  !!
  !! A mixing layer height profile input file must consist of two
  !! lines:
  !! - the first line must begin with \c time and should be followed
  !!   by \f$N\f$ space-separated real scalars, giving the times (in
  !!   s after the start of the simulation) of the height set
  !!   points --- the times must be in increasing order
  !! - the second line must begin with \c height and should be
  !!   followed by \f$N\f$ space-separated real scalars, giving the
  !!   mixing layer heights (in m) at the corresponding times
  !!
  !! The mixing layer height profile is linearly interpolated
  !! between the specified times, while before the first time it
  !! takes the first height value and after the last time it takes
  !! the last height value.
  !!
  !! Example:
  !! <pre>
  !! time    0    600   1800  # time (in s) after simulation start
  !! height  500  1000  800   # mixing layer height (in m)
  !! </pre>
  !! Here the mixing layer height starts at 500&nbsp;m at the start
  !! of the simulation, rises to 1000&nbsp;m after 10&nbsp;min, and
  !! then falls again to 800&nbsp;m at 30&nbsp;min. Between these
  !! times the mixing layer height is linearly interpolated, while
  !! after 30&nbsp;min it is held constant at 800&nbsp;m.
  !!
  !! See also:
  !!   - \ref spec_file_format --- the input file text format
  !!   - \ref input_format_scenario --- the environment data
  !!     containing the mixing layer height profile
 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
  !> Determines the number of bytes required to pack the given value.
  integer function pmc_mpi_pack_size_scenario(val)
 
    !> Value to pack.
    type(scenario_t), intent(in) :: val
 
    integer :: total_size, i, n
 
    total_size = &
         pmc_mpi_pack_size_real_array(val%temp_time) &
         + pmc_mpi_pack_size_real_array(val%temp) &
         + pmc_mpi_pack_size_real_array(val%pressure_time) &
         + pmc_mpi_pack_size_real_array(val%pressure) &
         + pmc_mpi_pack_size_real_array(val%height_time) &
         + pmc_mpi_pack_size_real_array(val%height) &
         + pmc_mpi_pack_size_real_array(val%gas_emission_time) &
         + pmc_mpi_pack_size_real_array(val%gas_emission_rate_scale) &
         + pmc_mpi_pack_size_real_array(val%gas_dilution_time) &
         + pmc_mpi_pack_size_real_array(val%gas_dilution_rate) &
         + pmc_mpi_pack_size_real_array(val%aero_emission_time) &
         + pmc_mpi_pack_size_real_array(val%aero_emission_rate_scale) &
         + pmc_mpi_pack_size_real_array(val%aero_dilution_time) &
         + pmc_mpi_pack_size_real_array(val%aero_dilution_rate) &
         + pmc_mpi_pack_size_integer(val%loss_function_type) &
         + pmc_mpi_pack_size_chamber(val%chamber)
    if (allocated(val%gas_emission_time)) then
       do i = 1,size(val%gas_emission)
          total_size = total_size &
               + pmc_mpi_pack_size_gas_state(val%gas_emission(i))
       end do
    end if
    if (allocated(val%gas_dilution_time)) then
       do i = 1,size(val%gas_background)
          total_size = total_size &
               + pmc_mpi_pack_size_gas_state(val%gas_background(i))
       end do
    end if
    if (allocated(val%aero_emission_time)) then
       do i = 1,size(val%aero_emission)
          total_size = total_size &
               + pmc_mpi_pack_size_aero_dist(val%aero_emission(i))
       end do
    end if
    if (allocated(val%aero_dilution_time)) then
       do i = 1,size(val%aero_background)
          total_size = total_size &
               + pmc_mpi_pack_size_aero_dist(val%aero_background(i))
       end do
    end if
 
    pmc_mpi_pack_size_scenario = total_size
 
  end function pmc_mpi_pack_size_scenario
 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
  !> Packs the given value into the buffer, advancing position.
  subroutine pmc_mpi_pack_scenario(buffer, position, val)
 
    !> Memory buffer.
    character, intent(inout) :: buffer(:)
    !> Current buffer position.
    integer, intent(inout) :: position
    !> Value to pack.
    type(scenario_t), intent(in) :: val
 
#ifdef PMC_USE_MPI
    integer :: prev_position, i
 
    prev_position = position
    call pmc_mpi_pack_real_array(buffer, position, val%temp_time)
    call pmc_mpi_pack_real_array(buffer, position, val%temp)
    call pmc_mpi_pack_real_array(buffer, position, val%pressure_time)
    call pmc_mpi_pack_real_array(buffer, position, val%pressure)
    call pmc_mpi_pack_real_array(buffer, position, val%height_time)
    call pmc_mpi_pack_real_array(buffer, position, val%height)
    call pmc_mpi_pack_real_array(buffer, position, val%gas_emission_time)
    call pmc_mpi_pack_real_array(buffer, position, val%gas_emission_rate_scale)
    call pmc_mpi_pack_real_array(buffer, position, val%gas_dilution_time)
    call pmc_mpi_pack_real_array(buffer, position, val%gas_dilution_rate)
    call pmc_mpi_pack_real_array(buffer, position, val%aero_emission_time)
    call pmc_mpi_pack_real_array(buffer, position, &
         val%aero_emission_rate_scale)
    call pmc_mpi_pack_real_array(buffer, position, val%aero_dilution_time)
    call pmc_mpi_pack_real_array(buffer, position, val%aero_dilution_rate)
    call pmc_mpi_pack_integer(buffer, position, val%loss_function_type)
    call pmc_mpi_pack_chamber(buffer, position, val%chamber)
    if (allocated(val%gas_emission_time)) then
       do i = 1,size(val%gas_emission)
          call pmc_mpi_pack_gas_state(buffer, position, val%gas_emission(i))
       end do
    end if
    if (allocated(val%gas_dilution_time)) then
       do i = 1,size(val%gas_background)
          call pmc_mpi_pack_gas_state(buffer, position, val%gas_background(i))
       end do
    end if
    if (allocated(val%aero_emission_time)) then
       do i = 1,size(val%aero_emission)
          call pmc_mpi_pack_aero_dist(buffer, position, val%aero_emission(i))
       end do
    end if
    if (allocated(val%aero_dilution_time)) then
       do i = 1,size(val%aero_background)
          call pmc_mpi_pack_aero_dist(buffer, position, val%aero_background(i))
       end do
    end if
    call assert(639466930, &
         position - prev_position <= pmc_mpi_pack_size_scenario(val))
#endif
 
  end subroutine pmc_mpi_pack_scenario
 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
  !> Unpacks the given value from the buffer, advancing position.
  subroutine pmc_mpi_unpack_scenario(buffer, position, val)
 
    !> Memory buffer.
    character, intent(inout) :: buffer(:)
    !> Current buffer position.
    integer, intent(inout) :: position
    !> Value to pack.
    type(scenario_t), intent(inout) :: val
 
#ifdef PMC_USE_MPI
    integer :: prev_position, i
 
    prev_position = position
    call pmc_mpi_unpack_real_array(buffer, position, val%temp_time)
    call pmc_mpi_unpack_real_array(buffer, position, val%temp)
    call pmc_mpi_unpack_real_array(buffer, position, val%pressure_time)
    call pmc_mpi_unpack_real_array(buffer, position, val%pressure)
    call pmc_mpi_unpack_real_array(buffer, position, val%height_time)
    call pmc_mpi_unpack_real_array(buffer, position, val%height)
    call pmc_mpi_unpack_real_array(buffer, position, val%gas_emission_time)
    call pmc_mpi_unpack_real_array(buffer, position, &
         val%gas_emission_rate_scale)
    call pmc_mpi_unpack_real_array(buffer, position, val%gas_dilution_time)
    call pmc_mpi_unpack_real_array(buffer, position, val%gas_dilution_rate)
    call pmc_mpi_unpack_real_array(buffer, position, val%aero_emission_time)
    call pmc_mpi_unpack_real_array(buffer, position, &
         val%aero_emission_rate_scale)
    call pmc_mpi_unpack_real_array(buffer, position, val%aero_dilution_time)
    call pmc_mpi_unpack_real_array(buffer, position, val%aero_dilution_rate)
    call pmc_mpi_unpack_integer(buffer, position, val%loss_function_type)
    call pmc_mpi_unpack_chamber(buffer, position, val%chamber)
    if (allocated(val%gas_emission)) deallocate(val%gas_emission)
    if (allocated(val%gas_background)) deallocate(val%gas_background)
    if (allocated(val%aero_emission)) deallocate(val%aero_emission)
    if (allocated(val%aero_background)) deallocate(val%aero_background)
    if (allocated(val%gas_emission_time)) then
       allocate(val%gas_emission(size(val%gas_emission_time)))
       do i = 1,size(val%gas_emission)
          call pmc_mpi_unpack_gas_state(buffer, position, val%gas_emission(i))
       end do
    end if
    if (allocated(val%gas_dilution_time)) then
       allocate(val%gas_background(size(val%gas_dilution_time)))
       do i = 1,size(val%gas_background)
          call pmc_mpi_unpack_gas_state(buffer, position, &
               val%gas_background(i))
       end do
    end if
    if (allocated(val%aero_emission_time)) then
       allocate(val%aero_emission(size(val%aero_emission_time)))
       do i = 1,size(val%aero_emission)
          call pmc_mpi_unpack_aero_dist(buffer, position, val%aero_emission(i))
       end do
    end if
    if (allocated(val%aero_dilution_time)) then
       allocate(val%aero_background(size(val%aero_dilution_time)))
       do i = 1,size(val%aero_background)
          call pmc_mpi_unpack_aero_dist(buffer, position, &
               val%aero_background(i))
       end do
    end if
    call assert(611542570, &
         position - prev_position <= pmc_mpi_pack_size_scenario(val))
#endif
 
  end subroutine pmc_mpi_unpack_scenario
 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
end module pmc_scenario